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Outbreak of diarrhoea among participants of a triathlon and a duathlon on 12 July 2015 in Utrecht, the Netherlands
- S. PARKKALI, R. JOOSTEN, E. FANOY, R. PIJNACKER, J. VAN BEEK, D. BRANDWAGT, W. VAN PELT
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- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 145 / Issue 10 / July 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 May 2017, pp. 2176-2184
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On 12 July 2015, a triathlon competition with 900 participants took place in Utrecht, the Netherlands. An outbreak investigation was initiated after 56 participants reported health complaints. An online questionnaire was sent to 700 participants. Stool specimens from six participants and four water specimens were collected from the swimming location. A total of 239 participants completed the questionnaire (response rate: 34%), 73 (31%) of them met the case definition for acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI). A total of 67% of the respondents were male and the median age was 38 years. Almost half (42%) of swimmers reported health complaints. Consumption of energy drinks and ingesting ⩾3 mouthfuls of canal water were identified as risk factors for AGI among swimmers only (adjusted relative risks (aRR) 1·6; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1·0–2·5 and aRR 2·6; 95% CI 1·5–4·8). The collected water specimens tested positive for norovirus genogroup I and rotavirus and stool specimens tested positive for norovirus genogroup II. Our findings indicate that the outbreak could have been caused by exposure to norovirus during swimming. Swimmers should get information about the health risks for making an informed choice about participating. For future events, the organisers decided to change the swimming location from a canal to a recreational lake.
List of contributors
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- By Dale C. Allison, John Barton, Pierre-Maurice Bogaert, Jonathan G. Campbell, James Carleton Paget, J. F. Coakley, John J. Collins, Kristin De Troyer, Gilles Dorival, Mark Edwards, J. K. Elliott, Mark W. Elliott, Wolf-Peter Funk, Thomas Graumann, Lucy Grig, Carol Harrison, C. T. R. Hayward, Michael J. Hollerich, William Horbury, Larry W. Hurtado, Jan Joosten, Adam Kamesar, Chris Keith, Geoffrey Khan, Wolfram Kinzig, Winrich Löhr, David C. Parker, Gerard Rouwhorst, Joachim Schaper, William M. Schniedewind, Günter Stemberger, Emanuel Tov, Eugene Ulrich, Joseph Verheyden, James W. Watts, Peter J. Williams, Frances M. Young
- Edited by James Carleton Paget, University of Cambridge, Joachim Schaper, University of Aberdeen
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- The New Cambridge History of the Bible
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- 05 May 2013
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- 09 May 2013, pp x-xi
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Assessment of memory function: the relation between daily observation and neuropsychological test performance
- A. Persoon, R. P. C. Kessels, L. Joosten-Weyn Banningh, J. Verkoelen, T. van Achterberg, M. G. M. Olde Rikkert
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- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 23 / Issue 1 / February 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 June 2010, pp. 102-106
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Background: The aim of the study was to explore the value of a daily observation scale in the assessment of patients' memory function by nurses on a geriatric ward.
Methods: An observational study of 50 geriatric inpatients was carried out. The relationship between the memory items of the Nurses' Behavioral Rating Scale for Geriatric Inpatients (GIP) and four types of neuropsychological memory tests was examined: visual paired-associate learning (Visual Association Test, VAT), word-list learning (Eight Word Test, 8WT from the Amsterdam Dementia Screening, ADS), and the subtests Route Recall and Story Recall from the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT). Correlations with the overall measures assessing level of dementia such as the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR) and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) were examined as well.
Results: The Pearson's correlation coefficients between GIP and the four memory tests were between 0.45 and 0.71 (p < 0.01). The GIP correlations with the MMSE and CDR were 0.63 and 0.46, respectively (p < 0.01). No significant correlation was found with the GDS-15. Statistically significant differences in GIP memory scores between patients with dementia and non-demented patients were found (p < 0.01).
Conclusions: Results indicate that an observation scale of memory function may have value for providing information about the underlying memory impairment. The results of nurses' observations may be used in triage contributing to the diagnostic process by selecting patients requiring further neuropsychological assessment.
Two siblings with progressive, fluctuating hearing loss after head trauma, treated with cochlear implantation
- M J F de Wolf, J Honings, F B M Joosten, L Hoefsloot, E A M Mylanus, C W R J Cremers
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 124 / Issue 1 / January 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 June 2009, pp. 86-89
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- January 2010
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Objective:
Description of two siblings with unexplained, progressive, perceptive hearing loss after head trauma.
Design:Case report.
Subjects:Two siblings aged six and eight years old with bilateral, intermittent but progressive hearing loss.
Results:These patients had a c.1172G>A (p.Ser391Asn) mutation in the SLC26A4 gene, which has not previously been reported and which caused Pendred or enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome. The diagnosis was based on the perceptive hearing loss, computed tomography findings and mutation analysis. The patients were each fitted with a cochlear implant because of their severe, progressive, perceptive hearing loss with deep fluctuations. The results were good.
Conclusion:Further testing for the presence of an enlarged vestibular aqueduct is recommended when children present with sudden progression in perceptive hearing loss, whether or not in combination with head trauma. Cochlear implantation is indicated in patients with persistent, progressive hearing loss that leads to deafness. Implantation can be undertaken successfully despite cochlear hypoplasia.
Axon guidance of outgrowing corticospinal fibres in the rat
- ELBERT A. J. JOOSTEN, DOP P. R. BÄR
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Anatomy / Volume 194 / Issue 1 / January 1999
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- 01 January 1999, pp. 15-32
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- January 1999
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This review is concerned with the development of the rat corticospinal tract (CST). The CST is a long descending central pathway, restricted to mammals, which is involved both in motor and sensory control. The rat CST is a very useful model in experimental research on the development of fibre systems in mammals because of its postnatal outgrowth throughout the spinal cord as well as its experimental accessibility. Hence mechanisms underlying axon outgrowth and subsequent target cell finding can be studied relatively easily. In this respect the corticospinal tract forms an important example and model system for the better understanding of central nervous system development in general.
The deafness, pre-auricular sinus, external ear anomaly and commissural lip pits syndrome – otological, vestibular and radiological findings
- H. A. M. Marres, C. W. R. J. Cremers, P. L. M. Huygen, F. B. M. Joosten
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 108 / Issue 1 / January 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 June 2007, pp. 13-18
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- January 1994
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Commissural lip pits, pinna dysplasia, pre-auricular sinus and hearing loss constitute a recently described autosomal dominant branchial arch syndrome. In a large family, eight out of the 74 members were also affected by conductive hearing loss. No inner ear abnormalities could be demonstrated on the CT scans. In three patients (four ears) out of four patients (six ears), exploratory tympanotomy revealed serious ossicular chain anomalies. In one ear, round window aplasia was also present. Long-term hearing improvement could only be achieved in one ear.